Interrelations between commercial beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars and Meloidogyne species

Most beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars in South Africa are exotic and were specifically bred for root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematode populations in their countries of origin. Due to the widespread distribution of different Meloidogyne species and races, exotic cultivars should be matched with nematode populations in importing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the interrelations between exotic beetroot cultivars ‘Detroit Red Dark’ and ‘Crimson Globe’ with Meloidogyne species in the predominant beetroot-producing regions in South Africa. Different inoculum series of M. incognita and M. javanica were used on the two beetroot cultivars. At 56 days after initiating the treatments, roots of both cultivars had small undeveloped root galls, with the reproductive factor values of M. incognita on ‘Detroit Dark Red’ being above and below unity at low (≤125 inoculation) and high (≥250 inoculation) nematode levels, respectively. Growth of ‘Detroit Dark Red’ was significantly stimulated and inhibited at low and high nematode infection levels, respectively. In contrast, RF values for M. javanica on ‘Crimson Globe’ were below unity, without any significant effects on plant growth. In conclusion, ‘Detroit Dark Red’ was tolerant to M. incognita, whereas ‘Crimson Globe’ was resistant to M. javanica.     

生物炭与小球藻联合吸附重金属的效果

[目的]研究生物炭与小球藻对水体中重金属单独及联合吸附特性。[方法]以小麦秸秆生物炭和小球藻为吸附剂,进行了不同添加量的生物炭对Pb的吸附等温试验,小球藻对Pb等温吸附试验,以及生物炭和小球藻联合吸附Pb的等温吸附试验。[结果]生物炭与小球藻对Pb的等温吸附曲线均符合Langmuir方程。当生物炭添加量为50 mg/L时,吸附量最大,为203.339 mg/g;小球藻添加量为500 mg/L时最大吸附量为67.851 mg/g;生物炭和小球藻联合吸附的最大吸附量为79.144 mg/g。[结论]生物炭联合小球藻用于吸附Pb的最大吸附量高于单独吸附。     

普通小球藻八氢番茄红素合成酶基因psy的cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

通过RACE-PCR首次克隆获得了普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)中八氢番茄红素合成酶编码基因psy 的cDNA全长序列.该序列全长1 605 bp,包括1 245 bp开放阅读框,编码415个氨基酸.氨基酸序列对比及系统发生分析表明其与其他物种的PSY蛋白具有同源性,与绿藻聚为一支,与小球藻(Chlorella variabilis)、原壳小球藻(Auxenochlorella protothecoides)和佐夫色绿藻(Chromnochloris zofingiensis的遗传距离最近(分别为0.173、0.188和0.239),并具有较高的相似性(81％ ～ 84％)和一致性(69％ ～ 76％).亚细胞定位预测表明普通小球藻PSY前45个氨基酸残基为叶绿体转运肽,可能引导翻译后的肽链进入叶绿体.保守区块、特征基序分析及三维建模显示,序列中具有多个潜在的蛋白质修饰位点,以及PSY蛋白的保守区块和特征基序,包括两个保守的底物-镁离子结合位点和两个活性位点遮蔽残基,用于结合底物及保护催化反应中间产物;普通小球藻PSY蛋白中还具有一个特异的底物-镁离子结合位点,其活性和功能还未知.总之,研究结果揭示了普通小球藻psy基因的cDNA全长序列及可能的蛋白质序列结构特性,结果可为构建过表达载体,提高类胡萝卜素产量提供相关信息.     

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

寻常型银屑病不同证型蛋白组学表达的比较研究

目的 对寻常型银屑病（血热证、血瘀证、血虚证）患者与正常人差异蛋白进行分析,探求三证之间差异性表达蛋白,从蛋白质组学角度揭示三证之间的差异。方法 取寻常型银屑病血瘀证、血虚证、血热证患者的血清,应用蛋白提取、定量、双向电泳技术、质谱鉴定和数据库检索,寻找出三证之间的差异蛋白和共有蛋白,并将这些蛋白进行组间比较。结果 发现了15种显著性差异蛋白（P<0.05）,其中补体C3、凝聚素、血清转铁蛋白、间-α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂H4重链（片段）、载脂蛋白E、补体C4-B、甘露糖结合蛋白C及富亮氨酸-α-2-糖蛋白在血虚型银屑病患者血清表达水平高于血热型和血瘀型（P<0.05）。纤维蛋白原β链、血液接合素、纤维蛋白原γ链、HPX蛋白、α-抗胰蛋白酶、甲状腺素转运蛋白及载脂蛋白Ⅳ在血热型银屑病患者血清中的表达水平高于血瘀型患者（P<0.05）。共同蛋白有5种（P<0.05）,分别为血液结合素、纤维蛋白原γ链、HPX蛋白、α-抗胰蛋白酶、载脂蛋白A-Ⅳ。结论 寻常型银屑病（血热证、血瘀证、血虚证）血清中存在表达差异性蛋白质,可能与寻常型银屑病的发病机制和银屑病不同证型的物质基础有关。     

陕西蚜茧蜂滞育诱导研究和田间滞育调查

[目的]探讨温度和光周期2种因素在蚜茧蜂滞育诱导中发挥的作用及影响程度,筛选最适温度与光周期组合。[方法]对陕西地区影响蚜茧蜂滞育的诱导因素和蚜茧蜂田间滞育情况进行研究。[结果]蚜茧蜂的滞育型为冬滞育型,低温并配合短光照(L∶D=8∶16)可明显诱导蚜茧蜂滞育,其中温度为8℃时滞育率可达47.6%。在温度25℃的条件下,所设置的光周期条件下均不能诱导蚜茧蜂滞育。自然条件下,陕西地区蚜茧蜂大多以老熟幼虫越冬,田间滞育率最高达82.2%,其余个体以蛹或预蛹越冬,田间滞育期持续4~5个月。[结论]试验结果为蚜茧蜂投入实际生产提供了参考。     

臭柏精油提取废液对食品污染细菌的抑制作用

研究以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus magaterium)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus magaterium)为指示菌,采用纸片法评估了臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant)精油废液对食品污染细菌的抑菌效果.结果表明,精油废液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌有抑制效果,且对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果较好;水蒸气蒸馏后的废液比共水蒸馏后的废液抑菌效果好.水蒸气蒸馏的废液随着蒸馏次数的增加,所含的有效成分越多,抑菌效果越好.     

小球藻自养、异养和混养特性的研究

[目的]为小球藻的高密度培养及开发高附加值代谢产物提供基础参数。[方法]从细胞生长、营养物质吸收、细胞生理生化特性等方面,研究小球藻自养、异养和混养特性。[结果]在异养和混养条件下小球藻生物量显著提高,最大生物量分别是自养时的3.2、4.0倍,对葡萄糖的吸收与生长状态相对应;在不同营养方式下细胞组分存在差别,在异养和混养条件下蛋白质和碳水化合物含量降低,但总脂含量增加;与自养相比,异养和混养时叶绿素含量降低,激发能在2个光合系统间的分配比PSII/PSI降低。[结论]混合培养在高密度高油脂含率小球藻培养方面具重要的应用前景。     

松鼠贮食时对红松松塔的选择特征

[目的]揭示松鼠贮食时对红松松塔的选择特征。[方法]通过样线调查的方法收集松鼠贮食时丢弃的松塔核,测量其长宽数据。根据已经建立的松塔质量评价标准进行分析。[结果]无论在哪个贮食阶段,松鼠都倾向于选择较大的松塔贮藏,且将最大的松塔贮藏在距离母树林150～300 m的范围内。[结论]松鼠选择较大的松塔贮藏以降低贮藏能耗,获得最大的能量收益。     

Moderate nitrogen retention in temperate heath ecosystem after elevated CO2, drought and warming through 7 years

Nitrogen (N) dynamic is one of the main controlling factors of responses to climate change in N-limited terrestrial ecosystems, which rely on nutrient recycling and retention. In this study we investigate the N partitioning in ecosystem compartments of a grassland heath, and the impact of multiple climate change factors on long-term N retention after ¹⁵N pulse labelling. The impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO₂), warming and drought and the treatments in combination on ecosystem N retention were investigated in a field scale manipulation experiment. A 6-year time-course was assessed by pulse-labelling with the stable N isotope ¹⁵N and by sampling after 1 day, 1 year and 6 years. After 6 years we observed that the total ecosystem retained 42% of the amended ¹⁵N across treatments (recovery of the amended ¹⁵N in the pool). The fate of the applied ¹⁵N was mainly stabilization in soil, with 36% ¹⁵N recovery in soil, while the plant compartment and microbial biomass each retained only 1%–2% of the added ¹⁵N. This suggests a moderate retention of N, for all treatments, as compared to similar long-term studies of forest ecosystems. A decreased ammonium and vegetation N pool combined with higher ¹⁵N retention in the soil under eCO₂ treatments suggests that eCO₂ promoted processes that immobilize N in soil, while warming counteracted this when combined with eCO₂. Drought treatments contrastingly increased the vegetation N pool. We conclude that as the organic soil layer has the main capacity for N storage in a temperate heathland-grassland, it is important for buffering nutrient availability and maintaining a resilient ecosystem. However, the full treatment combination of drought, warming and eCO₂ did not differ in ¹⁵N recovery from the control, suggesting unchanged long-term consequences of climate change on retention of pulse added N in this ecosystem.